Russian Journal of Information Technology in Sports Russian Journal of Information Technology in Sports Российский журнал информационных технологий в спорте 2949-6349 72728 10.62105/2949-6349-2024-1-1-21-42 glhrvc СПОРТИВНАЯ АНАЛИТИКА SPORTS ANALYTICS СПОРТИВНАЯ АНАЛИТИКА Decision-making of football referees behind closed doors: psychological, communicative, and functional factors Принятие решений футбольными судьями без зрителей: психологические, коммуникативные и функциональные факторы https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4521-5182 Обуди Бехнам Oboudi Behnam a.oboudi72@yahoo.com

доктор философских наук;

doctor of philosophical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-5052 Дольнего Балинт Dolnego Balint dolnego.balint@tf.hu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-7271 Глебова Екатерина Андреевна Glebova Ekaterina Andreevna katrina.glebova@universite-paris-saclay.fr https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8934-6480 Абдоллахи Мохамад Хасан Abdollahi Mohammad Hasan abdollahi.1975@yahoo.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-1550 Гецци Габор Geczi Gabor gabor@tf.hu Университет Хорезми Тегеран Иран Kharazmi University Tehran Iran Венгерский университет спортивных наук Будапешт Венгрия Hungarian University of Sport Sciences Budapest Hungary Университет Париж Саклэ Орсэ Франция University Paris Saclay Orsay France Ширазский университет Шираз Иран Shiraz University Shiraz Iran Венгерский университет спортивных наук Будапешт Венгрия Hungarian University of Sport Sciences Budapest Hungary 13 03 2024 13 03 2024 1 1 21 42 25 11 2023 14 02 2024 https://rjits.ru/en/nauka/article/72728/view

Целью этого исследования было определить приоритетность влияния COVID-19 и стадионов без зрителей на суждения футбольных судей, помощников футбольных судей, судей по мини-футболу и судей по пляжному футболу в Исламской Республике Иран. Для сбора данных использовались как качественный, так и количественный подходы. Качественный раздел включал интервью с 15 экспертами по судейству, в то время как количественный раздел включал футбольных судей мужского и женского пола, судей по мини-футболу и судей по пляжному футболу в Иране (n=339). После интервью разработанная исследователями анкета с 14 вопросами была распространена в электронном виде среди судей. Их спросили в целом о влиянии отсутствия зрителей на их выступление. Для выявления факторов и составляющих, влияющих на судей, был проведен факторный анализ с использованием программного обеспечения SPSS. Дополнительно был проведен подтверждающий факторный анализ первого и второго порядка (SEM) с использованием программного обеспечения LISREL для проверки компонентов. Наконец, выявленные факторы были ранжированы с использованием теста Фридмана. Было обнаружено, что стадионы без зрителей приносят пользу молодым и неопытным судьям, поскольку они могут более эффективно судить матчи. Формат матчей без зрителей также привел к меньшему психологическому давлению на судей, игроков и тренеров, поскольку не было зрителей, которые могли бы протестовать против ошибок или плохой игры.

This study aimed to prioritize the effects of COVID-19 and stadiums without spectators on the judgment of football referees, assistant football referees, futsal referees, and beach soccer referees in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to collect the data. The qualitative section involved interviews with 15 refereeing experts, while the quantitative section involved male and female football referees, futsal referees, and beach soccer referees in Iran (n=339). Following the interviews, a researcherdesigned questionnaire with 14 questions was electronically distributed among the referees. They were asked in general about the impact of the absence of spectators on their performance. To identify the factors and components affecting referees, factor analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Additionally, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (SEM) was performed using LISREL software to validate the components. Finally, the identified factors were ranked using the Friedman test. It was found that stadiums without spectators benefited young and inexperienced referees, as they were able to judge matches more effectively. The closed doors format also resulted in less psychological pressure on referees, players, and coaches, since there were no spectators to protest mistakes or poor performance.

 за закрытыми дверями принятие решений COVID-19 судьи зрители behind closed doors decision-making COVID-19 referees spectators

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